Victimization in India

The concept of Victimization defines as the process of becoming a victim or being victimized. In this field, we study the process of incidence, rates, effects etc.

Victim: victims means the person who collectively or individually have suffered harm including physical, emotional, mental, economic loss or substantial impairment of the fundamental rights through the omissions or act that violates the criminal law operator within the members of the state. It includes those laws which prescribed criminal abuse of power [1]

There are different theories of Victimization:

• Primary Victimization
• Secondary Victimization
• Re Victimization
• Self-victimization

Primary Victimization

Primary Victimization is the process that helps in distinguishing between the effects and consequences of the results of the crime and their impact on the victim. Many crimes Intel physical effects which involve the degree of pain and suffering, and it may also contain the loss of ability. Some of the crime include loss of income, medical treatment, and emotional effects on the victim like depression anxiety fear and also can affect the quality of life.

For example rape victim, Murder victims

Secondary Victimization

Secondary Victimization is a process that accused the direct results of criminal acts through the response of the institution as well as an individual to the victim. Institutionalized secondary Victimization is the most obvious within criminal justice. It is the circle of the person impacted by the harm or loss to the direct victim.

Re Victimization

It is the process of being victimized again and again. It is associated with both higher distress and psychiatric disorders.

Self-Victimization

The self-victimization is the process of the act which results in Victimization. It can be included in the repeat imagination only as it results from the company of the wrong person or bad habits.

Criminal Victimization in India

The data on crime, prosecutions, and arrest is a huge part of the annual Report on the crime, which is published by the National crime record bureau. The analytical crime report is the most comprehensive compilation of the statistical data on the crime, crime rate and police activity in India. Although the statics of official crime is not accurate, there are the most reliable sources available, and they indicate crime trends [2].

Offences classified into seven subcategories according to the criminal code:

• Violent crimes
• Property prime
• Forgeries
• Crime by government officials
• Crime against the public model
• The crime of medicines and others

The violent, as well as property crimes, consist of approximately 75% of all criminal code offences.

The violent crime category is consist of

• Criminal homicide
• Robbery
• Arson
• Rape
• Assault
• Aggravated assault
• Kidnapping
• Illegal confinement [3]

Property crimes consist of

• Stolen property
• Larceny theft
• Frauds
• Breach of trust
• Embezzlement
• Destruction of property

Trends of crime India

This section presents an overall picture of the crime trends in India. Indian society experienced rapid industrialization as well as urbanization and a notable increase in the population over the past 40 years. Result of increasing of population the crime and crime rates are also increased [4].

Crime over time in India

The national crime record bureau publishes the crime rates Report from 1953 to 2006. In 2006, there were total 5,102,460 cognizable crimes case were committed including 1,878,293 Indian Penal Code (IPC) crimes. There are 3,224,167 Special & Local Laws (SLL) crimes it increase of 1.5% over 2005 that is 50,26,337 crime cases. Indian penal crime rate in 2006 was 167.7, and it was 165.3 in 2005, which shows an increase in crime of 1.5% in 2006 over 2005. The local laws crime rate in 2006 was 287.9 and 290.5 in 2005, which shows a decline of 0.9% in 2006 over 2005 [5].

Crime by the reason (6)

Crimes in India

• According to the statistics of national crime bureau record, the murder rate doubled from 1973 to 2007.
• In 1973 there were 17072 cases, and in 2007 there are 32318 cases.
• It concluded that the penal court or law of India had not done much work to prevent the society from such crime where a man avails the life of another the man. The crime rate doubled according to the data National crime record bureau.
• Rape statistics have the process all the boundary in India. There were 2919 rape cases in 1973, and it increases by six times in 2007. The total 20737 ki rape cases recorded in 2007.
• The rate of kidnapping doubled in 35 years. There were only 10223 kidnapping cases in 1973, but in 2007 almost 27560 kidnapping cases were recorded.
• The above statistics confirm that the crime against the human body has increased significantly in the last 35 years [7].

The factor responsible for rising of crime rates in India

They are many factors responsible for increasing crime rates in India:

• The social changes always tend to produce social disorganization, which increases the crime rate.
• The increasing of the population in urban areas, the standard of the living and the existing political system and the value system is one of the significant factors contributing to increasing the crime rate
• The other reason may be due to the revision as well as improvements of the criminal justice system, laws and regulations [8].

The other factors are:

• Poverty
• Peer pressure
• Drugs
• Unemployment
• Society
• Family conditions
• Religions
• Unfair judicial system [9]

The essential features of India are that India is independent of judiciary and democratic country. It provides justice to all the cities and without any discrimination based on sex, colour, caste, creed, religion etc

In the present time, India is not working correctly because many cases are still pending in our country. The most important is that our country fails to provide justice at the right time as to get justice the people need to wait so long. There are many cases in India where the people did not get justice due to improper investigation. Many problems cause a delay in prosecution, and one of the leading cause is the corruption in the Indian criminal justice system. The crime rates on India are on tremendous speed, so the Indian people need to be more careful. There are many laws in India, relating to the victim and their protection [10].

References

1. By -Theodore Roosevelt.
2. For the meaning and details of victimology, see Andrew Kaemens’ Crime Victims: An Introduction to Victimology, 8^th Edition. It offers the most comprehensive and balanced exploration of victimology available today.
3. Definition of Victim defined by Oxford Dictionary (English Oxford Living Dictionaries).
4. See. Ncrb.gov.in
5. See. https://www.bjs.gov
6. 2007 NSSC 96 (CanLII)
7. Criminal Procedure Code of India 1973, Section2(c)
8. Criminal Procedure Code of India 1973, Section2(1)
9. Criminal Procedure Code of India 1973, Section2(h)
10. National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB) 2013

AUTHOR:

Priyanka Kumari

Intern at Dept. of Forensic Sci & Cri Investigation (June 2020), Legal Desire Media & Insights

She is pursuing MSc Forensic from the University of Lucknow.  She has three years of experience in blogging, content writing and also a YouTuber, social worker and a motivator. She is currently working as an intern in legal desire media & insights.